Self-cleaning glass windows----make money online

hey everyone imagine I told you there

was a technology that allowed Windows to

clean themselves science fiction right

no actually science fact this technology

has been available commercially for over

a decade and I thought I'd have a go at

making some self-cleaning glass in my

own shop so let me tell you about it if

we look at an apparently clean

microscope slide we can see that water

kind of beads up and runs off the

surface it doesn't sheet across the

microscope slide fully and this is

because that even clean surfaces have a

small amount of grease or organic

residue on them this greasy residue is

actually in the air and on the dirt

that's floating in the air everywhere so

it has nothing to do with being in a

clean or a dirty environment even in

very clean houses you will end up with a

very microscopic film of grime on a

window just because it coats the dust

particles that are floating in the air

the water doesn't want a sheet across

the glass because this grimy residue is

hydrophobic meaning that its molecules

are nonpolar and the water molecules are

polar and they don't want to mix the

whole oil and water don't mix thing

here's a piece of glass that has been

treated with this technology as you can

see the water sheets across and doesn't

have much tendency to beat up or form

channels the reason for this is that the

coating on the glass is actually burned

away all of that microscopic grimy layer

and now the water can interact directly

with the glass and it's actually quite

hydrophilic meaning that the glasses

molecular structure attracts the water

molecules here I'm going to apply some

dirt to the glass by rubbing my finger

on my skin and then on the glass this

will deposit a very small amount of oil

on the glass now we can see that the

water is back to beating up a bit it

doesn't flow across nearly as well and

so the way that the self-cleaning glass

works is it uses energy from sunlight to

burn away some of that grease that's on

the surface so to simulate sunlight I'm

going to put the self-cleaning glass and

then the untreated glass onto

ultraviolet light this light simulates

the amount of ultraviolet that we would

get on a sunny day after an hour or two

I take the slides off of the ultraviolet

light and test them again with the water

the untreated slide still beads up and

forms water channels whereas the

self-cleaning glass is now doing quite a

bit better it's maybe not quite as good

as it was when I first took it out of

the vacuum chamber but it's definitely

better which shows that the ultraviolet

light has actually caused something to

happen with that Clint with the

self-cleaning action one way to make

self-cleaning glass is to put a coating

of titanium dioxide also called titania

on the outer surface or the surface that

you want to clean and what happens here

is the ultraviolet light hits this whole

thing this is a dirt particle on the

surface and the surface of the titanium

dioxide is photocatalytic meaning that

it uses the energy from the ultraviolet

light to actually break some of the

molecular bonds in the dirt particle so

right at the interface where the dirt

particle is touching the surface of the

titanium dioxide we're actually going to

to burn away some of the hydrocarbons

here and then when it rains the water

will just push away this dirt particle

so the titanium dioxide doesn't actually

have to break down this entire piece of

dirt all it has to do is break down the

interface where the dirt is touching the

surface there's a couple different ways

to deposit the titanium dioxide on glass

but the way I'm going to show today is

via a reactive sputtering reactive

sputtering is a little bit of a twist on

the regular procedure that I've talked

about in other videos so briefly the

idea is to slam argon molecules into a

target material and that slamming will

break off little bits of the target and

if you have a substrate the thing that

you actually want to coat up here all

those target molecules that have been

broken off will eventually hit the

substrate and coated with reactive

sputtering what we're going to do is add

a gas to the chamber that chemically

reacts with those target molecules as

they're enroute from the

market up to the substrate in this case

we want a coating of titanium dioxide so

what we're going to do is start with a

piece of titanium metal and then add

oxygen to the chamber so that we

actually end up with titanium dioxide as

I've mentioned in the other sputtering

videos getting all of the process

variables dialing is quite difficult so

what I'm going to do is load the glass

slide in the untreated slide into the

sputter coder and then add an aluminum

shield this way I can turn the whole

apparatus away from the sputter coder

and adjust all the parameters until I

get everything working properly and then

I can turn the whole thing around

essentially opening the shutter so that

I'll only coat the slide once the

process is running smoothly you might be

wondering why don't we just start with

the titanium dioxide disc and not worry

about the reactive sputtering at all and

the answer is that sputtering titanium

dioxide is a very slow process because

it's a very hard material it's actually

much easier much much faster in fact to

reactively sputter the titanium metal to

get started we need to remove the

titanium oxide coating that's covering

the target right now this thing has been

sitting in atmosphere for you know a few

days or weeks even and if we just start

it off right away in the reactive setup

we wouldn't actually get anywhere

because that coating of titanium dioxide

is very inert and it's covering up the

target so we'll start off with pure

argon and I have two flow meters that

show how much argon and how much oxygen

are going into the chamber so initially

I'm only going to turn off the argon

side the target diameter is about two

inches and we're running close to a

hundred watts after a few minutes the

argon sputtering has broken away all the

titanium oxide and we are sputtering

bare-metal we can tell because the color

of the plasma changes too so when the

titanium is bare the plasma color is a

greenish bluish greenish also we can see

that the crystal thickness monitor is

now registering titanium being deposited

in order to start reactively sputtering

we need to start adding oxygen to the

chamber

and the amount that we add is very

critical and controlling it is pretty

difficult so if we add too much oxygen

to the chamber that skin of titanium

oxide will form on the target and the

sputtering process will slow down or

almost stop if there's too little oxygen

in the chamber then we aren't going to

be reactively sputtering we're just

going to be getting fresh titanium metal

onto the slide to make matters even more

difficult the system has a lot of

hysteresis so starting from the titanium

oxide setting like let's say we're

starting off with a high oxygen content

it's not possible to back down the

oxygen concentration and get it into the

working regime we actually have to go

all the way down to fresh metal

basically shut off the oxygen and then

slowly ramp it up the reason for this is

that the titanium surface is very

reactive and so as it's being eroded

away by the sputter process it will soak

up all the oxygen that's currently

available in the chamber and then the

sputtering will slow down because of

that because now it's been coated with

titanium oxide so it's a process that

has some positive feedback to it which

is why we end up with this hysteresis

effect I'm working on getting some

better equipment to control the oxygen

content inside the chamber but as it is

now what I'm doing is just looking at

the thickness deposition gauge and then

dialing the oxygen content manually

every you know 10 or 20 seconds to try

to keep the process working this doesn't

work particularly well the argon flow is

fairly constant at about 20 standard

cubic centimeters a minute and I'm using

a new Pirani gauge to measure the vacuum

level which is about 10 or 20 mil at or

after 10 or 20 minutes of fiddling with

it I the thickness monitor registered at

least 30 nano meters of titanium dioxide

in reality it's a bit more than this

because the thickness meter is farther

away I was mostly using the color of the

plasma to figure out if the environment

was oxidizing enough in the chamber you

would go from pale green to pink very

quickly pink meaning that the oxygen was

high enough to cause titanium dioxide to

be formed

so you might be wondering if the process

isn't too difficult why aren't all

windows coded like this and the answer

is it does increase cost and you'd have

to balance that against just you know

manually washing your windows and also

the window behaves ecologically like an

animal in that it takes solid carbon and

essentially burns it and releases carbon

dioxide so there's been some concern

that that's you know not the

environmentally best thing to do whether

the quantity is really significant or

not I don't know okay see you next time

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